Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 532, Issue 3, Pages 201-207Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.001
Keywords
antioxidant effect; ginsenoside Re; ESR spectroscopy; cardiomyocyte; ischemia and reperfusion damage; antimycin A; H2O2
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Funding
- NCCIH NIH HHS [AT002176, AT002445] Funding Source: Medline
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We have previously demonstrated that American ginseng berry extract exhibited significant protection against oxidant-mediated injury in cardiomyocytes. To extend this work, we sought to investigate the antioxidant effects of Re, a protopanaxatriols-type and single chemical integrant present in American ginseng berry extract, using the same chick cardiomyocyte model of oxidant injury as well as ESR spectroscopy in a cell-free chemical system. In cells exposed to 2 h of H2O2 (0.5 mM), pretreatment with Re (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/ml for 2 h) significantly attenuated 2,7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence by 51% (from 1345 +/- 67 to 658 46 a.u., P < 0.001), and remarkably reduced cell death (from 51.5 +/- 3.0% to 11.8 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001, compared to the control). Similar results were also observed in cells exposed to antimycin A (100 mu M), a mitochondrial electron transport chain site III inhibitor which increases endogenous oxidative stress. In the ESR study, however, Re failed to reduce the formation of the superoxide/DMPO adduct and DPPH radicals. These results suggest that ginsenoside Re functions as an antioxidant, protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidant injury induced by both exogenous and endogenous oxidants, and that its protective effects may be mostly attributed to scavenging H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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