Journal
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 363-373Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401817
Keywords
endoplasmic reticulum; apoptosis; ER stress response; unfolded protein response; ER-associated degradation; translational control
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The proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) is critical for numerous aspects of cell physiology. Accordingly, all eukaryotes react rapidly to ER dysfunction through a set of adaptive pathways known collectively as the ER stress response (ESR). Normally, this suite of responses succeeds in restoring ER homeostasis. However, in metazoans, persistent or intense ER stress can also trigger programmed cell death, or apoptosis. ER stress and the apoptotic program coupled to it have been implicated in many important pathologies but the regulation and execution of ER stress-induced apoptosis in mammals remain incompletely understood. Here, we review what is known about the ESR in both yeast and mammals, and highlight recent findings on the mechanism and pathophysiological importance of ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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