Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 5, Pages 1743-1753Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.26.5.1743-1753.2006
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Cryptochromes (CRYs) are composed of a core domain with structural similarity to photolyase and a distinguishing C-terminal extension. While plant and fly CRYs act as circadian photoreceptors, using the C terminus for light signaling, mammalian CRY1 and CRY2 are integral components of the circadian oscillator. However, the function of their C terminus remains to be resolved. Here, we show that the C-terminal extension of mCRY1 harbors a nuclear localization signal and a putative coiled-coil domain that drive nuclear localization via two independent mechanisms and shift the equilibrium of shuttling mammalian CRY1 (mCRY1)/mammalian PER2 (mPER2) complexes towards the nucleus. Importantly, deletion of the complete C terminus prevents mCRY1 from repressing CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcription, whereas a plant photolyase gains this key clock function upon fusion to the last 100 amino acids of the mCRY1. core and its C terminus. Thus, the acquirement of different (species-specific) C termini dluring evolution not only functionally separated cryptochromes from photolyase but also caused diversity within the cryptochrome family.
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