Journal
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
Volume 85, Issue 3, Pages 679-688Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.045
Keywords
polycystic ovary syndrome; hyperandrogenism; low-carbohydrate diet; monounsaturated fat; insulin resistance; beta-cell function
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000032, M01-RR00032] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [K24-HD011346, R01 HD029364, R01-HD29364] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK056336, P30-DK56336] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective: To determine whether eucaloric diets either enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 17% energy) or low in carbohydrates (Low CHO; 43% energy) would increase insulin sensitivity (Si) and, decrease circulating insulin concentrations, relative to a standard diet (STD; 56% CHO, 31% fat, 16% protein), among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Crossover. Setting: Academic research environment. Patient(s): Healthy women with PCOS not on hormonal or insulin-sensitizing therapy. Intervention(s): Subjects consumed three, 16-day, eucaloric diets, each separated by a 3-week washout period. A frequently sampled, intravenous, glucose tolerance test was administered at baseline and following each diet. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fasting glucose, insulin, the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), Si, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), free T, A4, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tryglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA). Result(s): Fasting insulin was lower following the Low CHO diet relative to the STD diet; AIRg was lower following the Low CHO diet relative to the MUFA diet. Fasting glucose, Si, and the circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones were not significantly affected by the intervention. Conclusion(s): A moderate reduction in dietary carbohydrate reduced the fasting and postchallenge insulin concentrations among women with PCOS, which, over time, may improve reproductive/endocrine outcomes.
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