Journal
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 391-399Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.009
Keywords
high glucose; reactive oxygen species; endothelial cell; apoptosis; NF-kappa B; JNK; Akt; eNOS
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Our previous studies demonstrated that high glucose-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is mediated by sequential activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase, and prevented by exogenous nitric oxide (NO). In this study we further elucidated the roles of the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by high glucose. The results showed that high glucose-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002), NOS inhibitor (N-G-nitro-arginine methyl ester) and eNOS antisense oligonucleotide. In contrast, apoptosis was markedly reduced by NF-kappa B inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbarnate, PDTC), NF-kappa B antisense oligonucleotide, NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), and overexpression of Akt. The high glucose-induced NF-KB activation and transient Akt phosphorylation were prevented by the presence of vitamin C. Moreover, high glucose-induced increase in eNOS expression was attenuated by PI3K inhibitors and the negative mutant of PI3K. The activity of JNK induced by high glucose was suppressed by NF-kappa B-specific antisense oligonucleotide. Taken together our results demonstrated that high glucose-induced HUVECs apoptosis is through NF-kappa B-dependent JNK activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent Akt dephosphorylation. Activation of the ROS/PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in early phase exerts protective effects against the induction of apoptosis by high glucose. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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