Journal
CHILDHOOD ONSET DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Volume 1304, Issue -, Pages 1-13Publisher
BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12287
Keywords
anxiety; fear regulation; development; individual differences
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Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health [P50 MH79513, R01DA018879]
- Mortimer D. Sackler, M. D. family
- Dewitt Wallace Reader's Digest Fund
- Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Psychiatry, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center and Imaging Core
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Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting as many as 10% of youth, with diagnoses peaking during adolescence. A core component of these disorders is an unremitting fear in the absence of present threat. One of the most commonly used therapies to treat these disorders is exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy that identifies the source of the fear and anxiety and then desensitizes the individual to it. This treatment builds on basic principles of fear-extinction learning. A number of patients improve with this therapy, but 40-50% do not. This paper provides an overview of recent empirical studies employing both human imaging and cross-species behavioral genetics to examine how fear regulation varies across individuals and across development, especially during adolescence. These studies have important implications for understanding who may be at risk for anxiety disorders and for whom and when during development exposure-based therapies may be most effective.
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