Neutrophil priming for elastase release in adult blunt trauma patients

Background: Elevated plasma elastase levels have been reported following major trauma and isolated femoral fracture. Reamed femoral nailing has been shown to further increase plasma elastase levels. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming for degranulation following major trauma and isolated long-bone/ pelvis fracture by assessing the ability of PMN to release elastase in vitro in response to a stimulus. Methods: We further analyzed PMN surface expression of the integrins CD11b and CD18 as markers of PNIN activation. Ten major trauma (Injury Severity Score >= 18) patients and 12 patients with isolated long-bone/pelvis fracture were included in the study. Patients in the isolated fracture group were further stratified into reamed nail and external-fixation groups following surgery. Results: A significant increase in the capacity of PMN to release elastase was seen following major trauma, but not in isolated fracture patients. Surgery did not further alter PNIN elastase release. CD11b and CD18 expression was essentially unaltered in all groups. Conclusion: PMN is primed for increased degranulation following major trauma but not following isolated longbone/pelvis fracture. Accumulation of primed, hyperactive PMN into tissues can lead to severe tissue damage and thus multiple organ failure.