Journal
REPRODUCTIVE AGING
Volume 1204, Issue -, Pages 43-53Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05527.x
Keywords
grandmother hypothesis; fertility decline; menopause; heterogeneity; follicular depletion; chimpanzee comparisons
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [0850951]
- National Institute of Aging [AG022095]
- Huntsman Cancer Foundation
- NIH
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R01AG022095] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Two kinds of evidence suggest that female fertility may end at an earlier age in modern people than in ancestral populations or in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. We investigate both to see whether fertility schedules or ovarian follicle counts falsify the alternative hypothesis that the age of terminal fertility changed little in the human lineage while greater longevity evolved due to grandmother effects. We use 19th century Utah women to represent non-contracepting humans, and compare their fertility by age with published records for wild chimpanzees. Then we revisit published counts of ovarian follicular stocks in both species. Results show wide individual variation in age at last birth and oocyte stocks in both humans and chimpanzees. This heterogeneity, combined with interspecific differences in adult mortality, has large and opposing effects on fertility schedules. Neither realized fertility nor rates of follicular atresia stand as evidence against the hypothesis that ages at last birth changed little while greater longevity evolved in our lineage.
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