In vitro culture significantly alters gene expression profiles and reduces differences between myometrial and fibroid smooth muscle cells

Cultured myometrial (M) and fibroid (F) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been widely used as a model for the study of F growth. The aim of this study was to compare gene expression profiles using microarrays between six paired M and F tissues from hysterectomy specimens, as well as cells isolated from the same tissues and cultured for up to three passages. A total of 2055 genes were differentially expressed by ANOVA between all experimental groups. Among them, 128 genes were found to be statistically different between M and F tissues. More than 1100 genes were significantly changed between tissues and cultured cells, with 648 genes common between both M and F cells at P0 and P3. Expression profiles of six genes including estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) were also validated using real-time PCR. These data demonstrate that large changes occur in SMC gene expression in culture, reducing differences between M and F cells. They also show that ER alpha and PR levels are reduced in cells compared with whole tissue. These results indicate that although M and F cell cultures provide an important tool to study these tumours, in vitro studies must be carefully planned and evaluated to provide meaningful results.