Journal
DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Volume 1157, Issue -, Pages 61-70Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04119.x
Keywords
anesthesia; electroencephalogram; EEG; functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [DP1-OD003646, K25-NS05758, M01-RR-01066, RR02575801, R01-EB006385]
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [UL1RR025758, M01RR001066] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R01EB006385] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [K25NS057580] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH [DP1OD003646] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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It has been long appreciated that anesthetic drugs induce stereotyped changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), but the relationships between the EEG and underlying brain function remain poorly understood. Functional imaging methods including positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have become important tools for studying how anesthetic drugs act in the human brain to induce the state of general anesthesia. To date, no investigation has combined functional MRI with EEG to study general anesthesia. We report here a paradigm for conducting combined fMRI and EEG studies of human subjects under general anesthesia. We discuss the several technical and safety problems that must be solved to undertake this type of multimodal functional imaging and show combined recordings from a human subject. Combined fMRI and EEG exploits simultaneously the high spatial resolution of fMRI and the high temporal resolution of EEG. In addition, combined fMRI and EEG offers a direct way to relate established EEG patterns induced by general anesthesia to changes in neural activity in specific brain regions as measured by changes in fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals.
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