Journal
STRESS, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, AND HORMONES: NEUROENDOCRINE AND GENETIC MECHANISMS
Volume 1148, Issue -, Pages 196-200Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1410.010
Keywords
capsaicin; epinephrine; formalin; immobilization; norepinephrine; painful stimuli
Funding
- Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-0148-06]
- VEGA [2/5125/27, 1/4312/07]
- UK [08/2007]
- Hungarian National Research Grant [OTKA 034496]
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Immobilization represents a strong stressor inducing a profound increase in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. We have previously demonstrated that a subcutaneous injection of formalin (0.2 mL of 4% solution/100 g bw) attenuated the immobilization-induced elevation of plasma epinephrine levels in rats. In the present study, we investigated whether other painful and stressful stimuli, such as capsaicin, hydrochloric acid, mechanical pressure, heat, and cold, might also attenuate the increase of plasma epinephrine in rats exposed to acute immobilization stress. With the exception of formalin, all of the painful stimuli applied failed to attenuate the increase of plasma epinephrine levels in immobilized animals. Our data suggest that the attenuation of an immobilization-induced increase in plasma epinephrine levels is specific for subcutaneous formalin administration.
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