In situ Raman spectroscopy study of oxidation of double- and single-wall carbon nanotubes

In situ Raman spectroscopy allows for a detailed and time-resolved investigation of the kinetics of complex physical or chemical processes. Oxidation has become a frequently used method for the removal of disordered carbon species from carbon nanotubes. Oxidation, however, can also induce damage to the tubes and destroy most of the sample. We conducted an in situ Raman spectroscopy study of the oxidation of double- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT and SWCNT) under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions to identify the temperature range in which the oxidation of amorphous carbon occurs without any changes with respect to the tubes and their structure. In situ Raman spectroscopy analysis of the oxidation of DWCNTs showed a decrease in the intensity of the D band starting around 370 degrees C, followed by complete D band elimination at 440 degrees C. Oxidation studies of SWCNTs showed a similar decrease in the D band intensity, but the D band was not completely eliminated. Furthermore, in situ measurements allow us to determine the different contributions to the D band feature and show the relationship between the D band, G band, and RBM Raman modes in the Raman spectra of DWCNT upon heating. Isothermal oxidation provides an efficient purification method for DWCNTs and SWCNTs, Which is also selective to tube diameter. After oxidation, tubes show clean surfaces without disordered or amorphous carbon impurities.