Eddy-current induction in extended metallic parts as a source of considerable torsional moment

Purpose: To examine eddy-current-provoked torque on conductive parts due to current induction from movement through the fringe field of the MR scanner and from gradient switching. Materials and Methods: For both cases, torque was calculated for frames of copper, aluminum, and titanium, inclined to 45 degrees to B-0 (maximum torque case). Conditions were analyzed in which torque front gravity (legal limit, ASTM F2213-02) was exceeded. Experiments were carried out on a 1.5 T and a 3 T scanner for copper and titanium frames and plates (approximate to 50 X 50 mm(2)). Movement-induced torque was measured at patient table velocity (20 cm/second). Alternating torque from gradient switching was investigated by holding the specimens in different locations in the scanner while executing sequences that exploited the gradient capabilities (40 mT/m). Results: The calculations predicted that movement-induced torque Could exceed torque from gravity (depending on the part. size, electric resistance, and velocity). Two experiments on moving conductive frames in the fringe fields of the scanners confirmed the calculations. For maximum torque case parameters, gradient-switching-induced torque was calculated to be nearly 100 times greater than the movement-induced torque. Well-conducting metal parts located off center vibrated significantly due to impulse-like fast: alternating torque characteristics. Conclusion: Torque on metal parts from movement in the fringe field is weak under standard conditions, but. for larger parts the acceptable limit can be reached with a high static field and increased velocity. Vibrations due to gradient switching were confirmed and may explain the sensations occasionally reported by patients with implants.