4.4 Article

Origin and evolution of processed Pseudogenes that stabilize functional Makorin1 mRNAs in mice, primates and other mammals

Journal

GENETICS
Volume 172, Issue 4, Pages 2421-2429

Publisher

GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.052910

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We investigate the origin and evolution of a mouse processed pseudogene, , whose transcripts; stabilize functional Makarin1 mRNAs. It is shown that Makorin1-p1 originated almost immediately before the musculus and cervicolor-species groups diverged front each other some 4 million years ago and that tire Makorin1-p1 orthologs in various Mus species are transcribed. However, Mus caroli in the cervicolor species group expresses not only Makorin1-p1, but also another older Makorin-1-derived processed pseudogene, demonstrating the rapid generation and turnover in subgenus Mus. Under this circumstance, transcribed processed pseudogenes (TPPs) of Makorin] evolved in a strictly neutral fashion even with air enhanced substitution rate at CpG dinucleotide sites. Next, we extend our analyses to rats and other mammals. It is shown that although these species also possess their own Makorin1-derived TPPs, they occur rather infrequently in simian primates. Under this circumstance, it is hypothesized that already existing TPPs must be prevented from accumulating detrimental mutations by negative selection. This hypothesis is substantiated by the presence of two rather old TPPs, MKRNP1 and MKRN4, in humans and New World monkeys. The evolutionary rate and pattern of Makorin-1-derived processed pseudogenes depend heavily on how frequently they are disseminated in the genome.

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