Extent of prophylactic lymph node dissection in the central neck area of the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: Comparison of limited versus comprehensive lymph node dissection in a 2-year safety study

Background: To compare the comprehensive (including bilateral paratracheal, pretracheal, prelaryngeal lymph nodes) (CCND) with limited (saving contralateral paratracheal lymph nodes) central node dissection (LCND) for postoperative complications and disease recurrence rate in sonographically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinomas. Materials and Methods: From 2003 to 2005, 114 consecutive patients, diagnosed as sonographically node-negative thyroid papillary carcinomas, were included retrospectively. Among them, the LCND was performed in 56 patients and CCND in 58 patients, in combination with total thyroidectomy, based on the operator-dependent decision. We compared the complication rates and the recurrence rates between these two groups with a mean follow-up duration of 2 years. Results: Transient hypocalcemia was more frequent in the CCND group than in the LCND group (48.3% vs 26.8%, P = .02, odds ratio [OR] = 2.55). However, the other complication rates were similar in the two groups. In addition, the immediate postoperative reduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was more evident in the CCND group. The postoperative PTH levels increased up to a similar level (12.4 vs 11.8 pg/mL) over 6 months. The incidence of permanent hypocalcemia did not differ significantly between the two groups. Four (7.1%) and five recurrences (8.6%) were found in two groups, respectively, implying similar oncological safety during the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: The LCND with total thyroidectomy could be an alternative treatment option for node-negative papillary thyroid carcinomas, because LCND had fewer short-term hypocalcemia and similar oncological outcomes during the 2-year follow-up. Further study enrolling a large number of patients with long-term follow-up is needed.