Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 290, Issue 4, Pages H1671-H1679Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00305.2005
Keywords
microcirculation; platelets; endothelium; endotoxemia
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64721, HL-42550, R01 HL079368, R01 HL079368-01A1, HL-070537] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI-46773] Funding Source: Medline
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Endotoxemia promotes adhesive interactions between platelets and microvascular endothelium in vivo. We sought to determine whether endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) modified platelet thrombus formation in mouse cremaster venules and whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neutrophils were involved in the response. Intravital videomicroscopy was performed in the cremaster microcirculation of pentobarbital-anesthetized mice; venular platelet thrombi were induced with a light/dye endothelial injury model. C57BL/6 mice treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin had enhanced rates of venular platelet thrombus formation: the time to microvessel occlusion was reduced by similar to 50% (P < 0.005) compared with saline-treated animals. Enhanced microvascular thrombosis was evident as early as 2 h after LPS administration. LPS had no effect on thrombosis in either of two mouse strains with altered TLR4 signaling (C57BL/10ScNJ or C3H/HeJ), whereas it enhanced thrombosis in the control strains (C57BL/10J and C3H/HeN). LPS also enhanced platelet adhesion to endothelium in the absence of light/dye injury. Platelet adhesion, but not enhanced thrombosis, was inhibited by depletion of circulating neutrophils. LPS failed to enhance platelet aggregation ex vivo and did not influence platelet P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation. These findings support the notion that endotoxemia promotes platelet thrombus formation independent of neutrophils and without enhancement of platelet aggregation, via a TLR4-dependent mechanism.
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