Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 103, Issue 15, Pages 5741-5745Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508511103
Keywords
microtubules; motor protein; optical tweezers; step size; nanotechnology
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Structural differences between dynein and kinesin suggest a unique molecular mechanism of dynein motility. Measuring the mechanical properties of a single molecule of dynein is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying its movement. We measured the step size and force produced by single molecules of active cytoplasmic dynein by using an optical trap and fluorescence imaging with a high temporal resolution. The velocity of dynein movement, 800 nm/s, is consistent with that reported in cells. The maximum force of 7-8 pN was independent of the ATP concentration and similar to that of kinesin. Dynein exhibited forward and occasional backwards steps of approximate to 8 nm, independent of load. it is suggested that the large dynein heads take 16-nm steps by using an overlapping hand-over-hand mechanism.
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