Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH
Volume 35, Issue 1-3, Pages 129-147Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0278364914558006
Keywords
Magnetic manipulation; capsule endoscopy; medical robotics
Categories
Funding
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0952718] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This paper demonstrates magnetic three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) closed-loop position and 2-DOF open-loop orientation control of a mockup magnetic capsule endoscope in fluid with a single permanent magnet positioned by a commercial 6-DOF robotic manipulator, using feedback of only the 3-DOF capsule position measured by a localization system, with application in capsule endoscopy of a fluid-distended stomach. We analyze the kinematics of magnetic manipulation using a single permanent magnet as the end-effector of a serial-link robot manipulator, and we formulate a control method that enables the capsule's position and direction to be controlled when the robot manipulator is not in a kinematic singularity, and that sacrifices control over the capsule's direction to maintain control over the capsule's position when the manipulator enters a singularity. We demonstrate the method's robustness to a reduced control rate of 25Hz, reduced localization rates down to 30Hz, deviation in the applied magnetic field from that expected, and the presence of manipulator singularities. Five-DOF manipulation of an untethered magnetic device has been previously demonstrated by electromagnetic systems only.
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