Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 26, Issue 16, Pages 4329-4337Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0382-06.2006
Keywords
oxidative stress; mitochondria; manganese superoxide dismutase; hypoxia; c-Myc; cyclin-dependent kinases
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Funding
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS36147, R01 NS38653, P50 NS14543, R01 NS25372] Funding Source: Medline
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Mouse astrocytes deficient in the mitochondrial form of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) do not survive in culture under atmospheric air with 20% oxygen (O-2), which is a common condition for cell cultures. Seeding the cells and maintaining them under mild hypoxic conditions (5% O-2) circumvents this problem and allows the cells to grow and become confluent. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that this adaptation of the cells was not attributable to compensation by other enzymes of the antioxidant defense system. We hypothesized that transcriptional activity and upregulation of genes other than those with an antioxidant function are involved. Our present study shows that c-Myc was significantly induced and that it inhibited p21 and induced proteins such as cycl-independent kinases, cyclin D, and cyclin E, which are involved in the cell cycle process, along with phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and Cdc2 (cell division cycle 2). These mechanisms contribute to cell proliferation. Small interfering RNA of c-Myc, however, blocked proliferation of SOD2 homozygous (SOD2-/-) astrocytes under mild hypoxia consisting of 5% O-2, whereas it did not affect the growth of wild-type astrocytes. Our results indicate that c-Myc plays a critical role in hypoxia-induced proliferation and survival of SOD2-/- astrocytes by overcoming injury caused by oxidative stress.
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