In situ mechanical properties of individual ZnO nanowires and the mass measurement of nanoparticles

The mechanical properties of individual zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, grown by a solid-vapour phase thermal sublimation process, were studied in situ by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a home-made TEM specimen holder. The mechanical resonance is electrically induced by applying an oscillating voltage, and in situ imaging has been achieved simultaneously. The results indicate that the elastic bending modulus of individual ZnO nanowires were measured to be similar to 58 GPa and the damping time constant of the resonance in a vacuum of 10(-8) Torr was similar to 14 ms. A nanobalance was built and the mass of the nanoparticle attached at the tip of a nanowire was measured. The ZnO nanowires are promising in potential applications as nanocantilevers and nanoresonators.