Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 312, Issue 5772, Pages 400-404Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1122659
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Global mineralogical mapping of Mars by the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft provides new information on Mars' geological and climatic history. Phyllosilicates formed by aqueous alteration very early in the planet's history (the phyllocian era) are found in the oldest terrains; sulfates were formed in a second era (the theiikian era) in an acidic environment. Beginning about 3.5 billion years ago, the last era (the siderikian) is dominated by the formation of anhydrous ferric oxides in a slow superficial weathering, without liquid water playing a major role across the planet.
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