Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 103, Issue 17, Pages 6419-6424Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507304103
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Nanotechnology-based materials are beginning to emerge as promising platforms for biomedical analysis, but measurement and control at the cell-chip interface remain challenging. This idea served as the basis for discussion in a focus group at the recent National Academies Keck Futures Initiative. In this Perspective, we first outline recent advances and limitations in measuring nanoscale mechanical, biochemical, and electrical interactions at the interface between biomaterials and living cells. Second, we present emerging experimental and conceptual platforms for probing living cells with nanotechnology-based tools in a microfluidic chip. Finally, we explore future directions and critical needs for engineering the cell-chip interface to create an integrated system capable of highresolution analysis and control of cellular physiology.
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