Significant positive correlation between the recombination rate and GC content in the human pseudoautosomal region

This paper establishes that recombination drives the evolution of GC content in a significant way. Because the human P-arm pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) has been shown to have a high recombination rate, at least 20-fold more frequent than the genomic average of similar to 1 cM/Mb, this region provides an ideal system to study the role of recombination in the evolution of base composition. Nine non-coding regions of PAR1 are analyzed in this study. We have observed a highly significant positive correlation between the recombination rate and GC content (rho = 0.837, p <= 0.005). Five regions that lie in the distal part of PAR1 are shown to be significantly higher than genomic average divergence. By comparing the intra- and inter-specific AT -> GC - GC -> AT ratios, we have detected no fixation bias toward GC alleles except for L254915, which has excessive AT -> GC changes in the human lineage. Thus, we conclude that the high GC content of the PAR1 genes better fits the biased gene conversion (BGC) model.