Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 55, Issue 5, Pages 997-1005Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20875
Keywords
glutamate; glutamine; human brain; prefrontal cortex; spectrally-selective refocusing; triple-resonance selective 180 degrees RF pulse; 3T
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A new single-voxel proton NMR spectrally-selective refocusing method for measuring glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gin) in the human brain in vivo at 3T is reported. Triple-resonance selective 180 degrees RF pulses with a bandwidth of 12 Hz were implemented within point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) for selective detection of Glu or Gin, and simultaneous acquisition of creatine singlets for use as a reference in phase correction. The carriers of the spectrally-selective 180 degrees pulses and the echo times (TEs) were optimized with both numerical and experimental analyses of the filtering performance, which enabled measurements of the target metabolites with negligible contamination from N-acetylaspartate and glutathione. The concentrations of Glu and Gin in the prefrontal cortex were estimated to be 9.7 +/- 0.5 and 3.0 +/- 0.7 mM (mean +/- SD, N = 7), with reference to Cr at 8 mM.
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