Journal
ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY
Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages 543-548Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/01.sap.0000210629.17727.bd
Keywords
adipose-derived stem cell; rabbit; bone morphogenetic protein 2; calvarial defect; bone; gelfoam; osteogenesis
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Introduction: Bone replacement is often necessary during reconstruction of craniofacial anomalies or trauma. Adipose-derived stern cells (ASCs) possess osteogenic potential and are a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering. The present study was designed to assess the osteogenic potential and utility of using ASCs to regenerate bone in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Methods: Rabbit ASCs were seeded on gelatin foam (GF) scaffolds and induced in osteogenic medium containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Thirty-four 8-mm calvarial defects were randomly treated with autograft, no treatment, GF scaffold, GF + ASCs, or GF + osteoinduced ASCs. After 6 weeks, calvaria were harvested and underwent histologic,and radiologic analyses to compare healing between the treatment groups. Results: Defects treated with autograft underwent complete healing. Radiologically, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in healing among empty defects, and those treated with GF alone or GF plus osteoinduced ASCs. Osteoinduced ASCs exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) greater healing than noninduced ASCs. Conclusion: Preimplantation osteoinduction of ASCs enhances their osteogenic capacity. Lack of a significant osteogenic effect of ASCs on calvarial healing at 6 weeks may be secondary to use of noncritical-sized defects. Larger defects would likely demonstrate the osteogenic potential of ASCs more definitively.
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