Journal
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 908-915Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00106.x
Keywords
alcohol dependence; nicotine dependence; mesocorticolimbic system; prefrontal cortex
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Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [R24 AA012725] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Alcoholism is commonly associated with chronic smoking. A number of gene expression profiles of regions within the human mesocorticolimbic system have identified potential alcohol-sensitive genes; however, the influence of smoking on these changes was not taken into account. This study addressed the impact of alcohol and smoking on the expression of 4 genes, previously identified as alcoholism-sensitive. in the human prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods: mRNA expression of apolipoprotein D, tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinase 3, high-affinity glial glutamate transporter and midkine, was measured in the PFC of alcoholic Subjects and controls with and without smoking comorbidity using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The results show that alcohol affects transcription of some of these genes. Additionally, smoking has a marked influence on gene expression. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for careful case selection in future gene expression studies to delineate the adaptive molecular process associated with smoking and alcohol.
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