Journal
ANNALS OF PHYSICS
Volume 351, Issue -, Pages 634-654Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2014.09.011
Keywords
Quantum simulation; Superconducting qubits; Gauge theories
Categories
Funding
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [339220]
- Austrian Academy of Sciences
- EU [600645]
- ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through SFB FOQUS
- START grant [Y519-N16]
- NSF
- ARO MURI award [W911NF0910406]
- ERC-St Grant ColdSIM [307688]
- EOARD
- UdS via Labex NIE
- UdS via IdEX
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A quantum simulator of U(1) lattice gauge theories can be implemented with superconducting circuits. This allows the investigation of confined and deconfined phases in quantum link models, and of valence bond solid and spin liquid phases in quantum dimer models. Fractionalized confining strings and the real-time dynamics of quantum phase transitions are accessible as well. Here we show how state-of-the-art superconducting technology allows us to simulate these phenomena in relatively small circuit lattices. By exploiting the strong non-linear couplings between quantized excitations emerging when superconducting qubits are coupled, we show how to engineer gauge invariant Hamiltonians, including ring-exchange and four-body Ising interactions. We demonstrate that, despite decoherence and disorder effects, minimal circuit instances allow us to investigate properties such as the dynamics of electric flux strings, signaling confinement in gauge invariant field theories. The experimental realization of these models in larger superconducting circuits could address open questions beyond current computational capability. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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