Undifferentiated mouse mesenchymal stem cells spontaneously express neural and stem cell markers Oct-4 and Rex-1

Background Previous adult stem cells studies have provided evidence that BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit multilineage differentiation capacity. These properties of MSC prompted us to explore the neural potential of MSC with a view to their use for the treatment of demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. Indeed, issues such as the identification of a subset of stem cells that is neurally fated, methods of expansion and optimal stage of differentiation for transplantation remain poorly understood. Methods In order to isolate mouse (m) MSC from BM, we used and compared the classic plastic-adhesion method and one depleting technique, the magnetic-activated cell sorting technique. Results We established and optimized culture conditions so that mMSC could be expanded for more than 360 days and 50 passages. We also demonstrated that undifferentiated mMSC express the neural markers nestin, MAP2, A2B5, GFAP, MBP, CNPase, GalC, O1 under standard culture conditions before transplantation. The pluripotent stem cell marker Oct-4 and the embryonic stem cell marker Rex-1 are spontaneously expressed by untreated mMSC. The lineage-negative mMSC (CD5(-) CD11b(-) Ly-6G(-) Ter119(-) D45R(-) c-kit/CD117(-)) overexpressed Oct-4, O1 and A2B5 in the first days of culture compared with the non-sorted MSC. Finally, we identified a distinct subpopulation of mMSC that is primed towards a neural fate, namely Sca-1(+)/nestin(+) mMSC. Discussion These results should facilitate the optimal timing of harvesting a neurally fated subpopulation of mMSC for transplantation into animal models of human brain diseases.