Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 100, Issue 5, Pages 1584-1589Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01336.2005
Keywords
diabetes; obesity; aging; abdominal adiposity
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00080, M01 RR000080] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [AG-12834, R01 AG012834, R29 AG012834] Funding Source: Medline
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Exercise improves glucose metabolism and delays the onset and/or reverses insulin resistance in the elderly by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we examined the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism, abdominal adiposity, and adipocytokines in obese elderly. Sixteen obese men and women (age = 63 +/- 1 yr, body mass index = 33.2 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2))participated in a 12-wk supervised exercise program (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, treadmill/cycle ergometry at 85% of heart rate maximum). Visceral fat (VF), subcutaneous fat, and total abdominal fat were measured by computed tomography. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by hydrostatic weighing. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine changes in insulin resistance. Exercise training increased maximal oxygen consumption (21.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 24.3 +/- 1.0 ml (.) kg(-1) (.) min(-1), P < 0.0001), decreased body weight (P < 0.0001) and fat mass (P < 0.001), while fat-free mass was not altered (P > 0.05). VF ( 176 +/- 20 vs. 136 +/- 17 cm(2), P < 0.0001), subcutaneous fat (351 +/- 34 vs. 305 +/- 28 cm(2), P < 0.03), and total abdominal fat (525 +/- 40 vs. 443 +/- 34 cm(2), P < 0.003) were reduced through training. Circulating leptin was lower (P < 0.003) after training, but total adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha remained unchanged. Insulin resistance was reversed by exercise (40.1 +/- 7.7 vs. 27.6 +/- 5.6 units, P < 0.01) and correlated with changes in VF (r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen consumption (r = -0.48, P < 0.05) but not adipocytokines. VF loss after aerobic exercise training improves glucose metabolism and is associated with the reversal of insulin resistance in older obese men and women.
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