Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 100, Issue 5, Pages 1692-1701Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01124.2005
Keywords
thermoregulation; hyperthermia; dehydration; cholinergic nerve; perspiration; sweat gland
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-10488, HL-61388, HL-67422] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-68865] Funding Source: Medline
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In humans, evaporative heat loss from eccrine sweat glands is critical for thermoregulation during exercise and/or exposure to hot environmental conditions, particularly when environmental temperature is greater than skin temperature. Since the time of the ancient Greeks, the significance of sweating has been recognized, whereas our understanding of the mechanisms and controllers of sweating has largely developed during the past century. This review initially focuses on the basic mechanisms of eccrine sweat secretion during heat stress and/or exercise along with a review of the primary controllers of thermoregulatory sweating (i.e., internal and skin temperatures). This is followed by a review of key nonthermal factors associated with prolonged heat stress and exercise that have been proposed to modulate the sweating response. Finally, mechanisms pertaining to the effects of heat acclimation and microgravity exposure are presented.
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