Psychological models of time: Arrows, cycles and spirals

This article examines the models of time presented by Yamada and Kato (2006) and Rudolph (2006). Although we agree with Yamada and Kato that the subjective experience of time is not linear and homogeneous, we argue that cyclical models of time are not good models of representing normative ontogenetic development, We also critically examine Rudolph's suggestion that the experience of time is derived from a succession of discrete acts of attention and 'states of ambivalence' that interpolate between the discrete acts of attention.