Journal
HIGH ABILITY STUDIES
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 117-136Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/13598130600947184
Keywords
expertise; talent; nature; nurture; swimming
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The current study elucidated the reasons for athletic performance differences between individuals who (1) engage in similar workloads, and (2) develop in similar environments. 8 elite and 11 subelite swimmers, with confirming data provided by 17 of their parents and 6 of their coaches, participated in this investigation. Findings revealed that (1) a variety of different practice regimens can result in attaining expertise, and (2) highly analogous developmental experiences may not differentiate between elite and sub-elite performers. Results provide support for a 4-factor model of expert athletic development: high effort, supportive environment, facilitative coping strategies, and physical and psychological predispositions. Each is likely required to achieve elite athletic performance, and all must be present in such a manner that they are systematically and idiosyncratically functional.
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