Effect of exercise and fluid consumption on salivary flow and pH

Recent claims have been made regarding the putative erosive effects of regularly ingesting low-pH beverages on the integrity of tooth enamel. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fluid consumption during exercise affects the body's defenses against enamel erosion: saliva flow and salivary pH. Males and females (n = 50) exercised in the heat (26.7 degrees C, 40% RH) for 75 min on four occasions. Within each session, subjects consumed ad-lib either water, a sports drink (Gatorade (R)), diluted orange juice, or a homemade sports drink, with the latter three fluids all having low pH values (3.0 to 4.0). Prior to and following exercise, subjects performed a standard stimulated saliva collection procedure. Immediately following collection, saliva flow rate and pH were determined for each sample. Repeated-measures ANOVA were used to evaluate the data. Compared to preexercise salivary flow rates (2.6 +/- 0.8 ml/min), the post-exercise rate was not different when consuming the sports drink (2.6 +/- 0.9 ml/min), but decreased when water or the homemade sports drink was ingested (2.4 +/- 0.9 ml/min; p < 0.05). A time-by-drink interaction (p < 0.05) revealed slight differences in saliva pH after exercise, depending on the beverage consumed; post-exercise saliva pH was highest for water (7.2 +/- 0.2) and lowest for the homemade sports drink (7.1 +/- 0.2), with the sports drink and diluted orange juice values falling in between. The results suggest that minimal changes occur in saliva pH and the rate of stimulated saliva flow with beverage consumption during exercise. Subsequent research is needed to determine whether maintenance of saliva production by drinking beverages during exercise influences the body's defenses against dental erosion via saliva production.