Journal
BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
Volume 29, Issue 6, Pages 1126-1131Publisher
PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1126
Keywords
Momordica charantia; antihyperglycemia; protein extract; pancreatic perfusion; insulin secretagogue; insulinomimetic
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The protein from Thai bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit pulp was extracted and studied for its hypoglycemic effect. Subcutaneous administration of the protein extract (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly and markedly decreased plasma glucose concentrations in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The onset of the protein extract-induced antihyperglycemia/hypoglycemia was observed at 4 and 6 h in diabetic and normal rats, respectively. This protein extract also raised plasma insulin concentrations by 2 fold 4h following subcutaneous administration. In perfused rat pancreas, the protein extract (10 mu g/ml) increased insulin secretion, but not glucagon secretion. The increase in insulin secretion was apparent within 5 min of administration and was persistent during 30 min of administration. Furthermore, the protein extract enhanced glucose uptake into C2C12 myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Time course experiments performed in rat adipocytes revealed that M. charantia protein extract significantly increased glucose uptake after 4 and 6 h of incubation. Thus, the M. charantia protein extract, a slow acting chemical, exerted both insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities to lower blood glucose concentrations in vivo.
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