Journal
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 385, Issue 4, Pages 678-685Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0453-y
Keywords
sensor; ammonia; point-of-care; polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA); hydrogels; photonic crystal
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [2R01 DK 55348-03A1] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM 58821-01] Funding Source: Medline
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We have developed an ammonia-sensitive material by coupling the Berthelot reaction to our polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) technology. The material consists of a periodic array of highly charged colloidal particles (110 nm diameter) embedded in a poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogel. The particles have a lattice spacing such that they Bragg-diffract visible light. In the Berthelot reaction, ammonia, hypochlorite, and phenol react to produce the dye molecule indophenol blue in an aqueous solution. We use this reaction in our sensor by covalently attaching 3-aminophenol to the hydrogel backbone, which forms cross-links through the Berthelot mechanism. Ammonia reacts with hypochlorite, forming monochloramine, which then reacts with a pendant aminophenol to form a benzoquinone chlorimine. The benzoquinone chlorimine reacts with another pendant aminophenol to form a cross-link. The creation of new cross-links causes the hydrogel to shrink, which reduces the lattice spacing of the embedded colloidal array. This volume change results in a blue-shift in the diffracted light proportional to the concentration of NH3 in the sample. We demonstrate that the NH3 photonic crystal sensing material is capable of quantitative determination of concentrations in the physiological range (50-350 mu mol NH3 L-1) in human blood serum.
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