Preparation of yuanhuacine and relative daphne diterpene esters from Daphne genkwa and structure-activity relationship of potent inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase I

Two new daphne diterpene esters Yuanhuajine (2) and Yuanhuagine (4), together with three known daphne diterpene esters yuanhuacine (1), yuanhuadine (3), and yuanhuapine (5), were isolated and identified from Daphne genkwa, a traditional Chinese medicine. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of UV, JR, MS and NNIR (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, HSQC, and HMBC) spectra. In order to explore the structure-activity relationship, three compounds 6. 7, and 8 were prepared as three derivatives of 1. Inhibitory activities against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) were assessed for the Compounds 1-8. These compounds, except for 8, exhibited potent inhibitory activities against DNA topo I at IC50 levels of 11.1-53.4 mu M and they are new type of topo I inhibitors bearing different structures compared with the known topo I inhibitors. The agarose-gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the orthoester group of dapline diterpene esters was necessary for the inhibitory activity against DNA topo I, and the inhibition against DNA topo I is probably one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of daphne diterpene esters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.