Body Dysmorphic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a belief that some aspect of physical appearance is excessively ugly This concern causes the sufferer considerable distress and impairs his or her functioning in social and occupational domains. Issues addressed in this article include classifying BDD within the psychiatric nosology; the relationship of BDD to mood and anxiety disorders, notably social anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder; the causal factors that operate in BDD; the neuropsychologic underpinnings of BDD; and treatment approaches for individuals who do not respond to first-line approaches of serotonergic antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy.