Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
Volume 235, Issue 6, Pages 1589-1598Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20771
Keywords
Rho-GTPases; cushion formation; EMT; cardiac valve; valvuloseptal development; cardiac development
Categories
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL063926, P50 HL 63926] Funding Source: Medline
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Endothelia in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) of the embryonic heart undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrate into the underlying extracellular matrix. We explore here whether RhoA mediates this EMT. RhoA was detected in all cells of the chick heart during the stages studied. Expression was elevated when. EMT was actively occurring. Explants treated with C3 exoenzyme in collagen gel cultures showed a significant decrease in mesenchymal cell numbers. siRNA was used to inhibit RhoA mRNA, and both activated endothelial and mesenchymal cells decreased significantly with treatment. Loss of RhoA produced a reduction of Rholl, cyclin-b2, and beta-catenin messages showing that these genes are regulated downstream of RhoA. In contrast, runx-2 was not reduced. Inhibition of TGF beta 3 or TGF beta 2 activity caused a large reduction of RhoA message. These data place RhoA in TGF beta regulated pathways for both endothelial activation and mesenchymal invasion and demonstrate a functional requirement during EMT.
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