Journal
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages 1420-1426Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq613
Keywords
cigar; pancreatic cancer; pooled analysis; smokeless tobacco; tobacco; pipe
Categories
Funding
- Louisiana Board of Regents Millennium Trust Health Excellence Fund [HEF 2000-05]
- Prevention, Control, and Population Research Goldstein Award
- Society of MSKCC
- Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Fund
- National Institute of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [N01-CP-51090, N01-CP-51089, N01-CP-51092, N01-CP-05225, N01-CP-31022, N01-CP-05227]
- NCI [CA59706, CA108370, CA109767, CA89726, CA098889, 5R01-CA098870]
- Rombauer Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund
- NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program [N01-PC-35136]
- Association for Cancer Research (AIRC)
- Cancer Research Society
- NCI of Canada
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (formerly Welfare, Health and Culture)
- Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility (ECNIS-European Union)
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Background: Cigarette smoking is the best-characterized risk factor for pancreatic cancer. However, data are limited for other tobacco smoking products and smokeless tobacco. Materials and methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of cigar and pipe smoking and smokeless tobacco use and risk of pancreatic cancer using data from 11 case-control studies (6056 cases and 11 338 controls) within the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Pooled odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional multiple logistic regression models adjusted for study center and selected covariates. Results: Compared with never tobacco users, the OR for cigar-only smokers was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2-2.3), i.e. comparable to that of cigarette-only smokers (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.4-1.6). The OR was 1.1 (95% CI 0.69-1.6) for pipe-only smokers. There was some evidence of increasing risk with increasing amount of cigar smoked per day (OR 1.82 for 10 grams of tobacco), although not with duration. The OR for ever smokeless tobacco users as compared with never tobacco users was 0.98 (95% CI 0.75-1.3). Conclusion: This collaborative analysis provides evidence that cigar smoking is associated with an excess risk of pancreatic cancer, while no significant association emerged for pipe smoking and smokeless tobacco use.
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