Life tables and development of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) at different temperatures

The life history of Bemisia-argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomato (Lycopersicum spp.) was studied based on the age-stage, two-sex life table at 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, and 35 degrees C. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) at these temperatures is -0.0176, 0.0667, 0.1469, 0.1611, 0.1745, and 0.0989 d(-1), respectively. The relationship among the gross reproductive rate (GRR), the net reproductive rate (R-0), and the preadult survivorship (l(a)) is consistent with GRR > l(a) (.) GRR > R-0 for all results at different temperatures. The mean generation time is 81.9, 48.6, 28.4, 25.3, 22.1, and 18.2 d, respectively. The developmental rate of the egg stage at different temperatures fit a linear equation with a thermal summation 89.2 degree-days and a developmental threshold of 11.4 degrees C. The developmental rates of the nymphal stage fit the model of Stinner et al. and the parameters of C, R-max, k(1), and k(2), were 0.085, 0.0833, 5.298, and -0.263, respectively.