Journal
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 530-538Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020062
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047745, AI38858, AI47745, AI36214, P30 AI036214, U01 AI027670, R21 AI047745, AI43638, R56 AI047745, AI29164, AI57167, U01 AI043638, U01 AI038858, AI27670, R37 AI029164, R01 AI057167] Funding Source: Medline
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Several codon-based methods are available for detecting adaptive evolution in protein-coding sequences, but to date none specifically identify sites that are selected differentially in two populations, although such comparisons between populations have been historically useful in identifying the action of natural selection. We have developed two fixed effects maximum likelihood methods: one for identifying codon positions showing selection patterns that persist in a population and another for detecting whether selection is operating differentially on individual codons of a gene sampled from two different populations. Applying these methods to two HIV populations infecting genetically distinct human hosts, we have found that few of the positively selected amino acid sites persist in the population; the other changes are detected only at the tips of the phylogenetic tree and appear deleterious in the long term. Additionally, we have identified seven amino acid sites in protease and reverse transcriptase that are selected differentially in the two samples, demonstrating specific population-level adaptation of HIV to human populations.
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