Journal
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Volume 52, Issue 1-4, Pages 227-236Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.026
Keywords
wettability; contact angle; gas reservoir; surfactant
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The flow of gas in tight, low-pressure gas wells can be partially blocked by the water saturation build-up near the hydraulic fracture face if the drawdown pressure does not exceed the capillary pressure. To increase the productivity, the water saturation may be reduced by alteration of the near-wellbore wettability from water-wet conditions to intermediate-wet conditions. Many surfactants have been identified which change the wettability of carbonate and sandstone rocks from water-wet to intermediate-wet in water-air-rock systems. Among fluorosilanes, as the number of fluoro groups increases, rocks become less water-wet. One day of aging period and I wt.% concentration appear to be sufficient for altering wettability. Interaction with field brine plays a crucial role in selection of appropriate surfactants. The increase in gas relative permeability due to the change in wettability is a function of the pressure gradient. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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