Controlling biofilm formation with an N-halamine-based polymeric additive

An N-halamine-based polymeric additive, polyl[(6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-diyl)-N-chloro-[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]-hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-4-pip-eridyl) imino]] (APA-1), was prepared in this study. The chemical structure of APA-1 was confirmed by iodometric titration, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR analysis. APA-1 was incorporated into polyurethane through solvent casting. The resultant materials demonstrated potent antimicrobial functions against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zone of inhibition studies showed that APA-1 inactivated the bacteria through contact, without leaching out of the polyurethane samples. M vitro studies illustrated that APA-1-containing polyurethane could prevent the colonization and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis for at least 28 days. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.