Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 237, Issue 2, Pages 180-187Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.003
Keywords
multidrug resistance (MDR); ABC transporters; chemosensitizers; fluoxetine; chemotherapy
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This review centers on recent findings with respect to modulating cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) with the well-known antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac). The MDR phenomena and mechanisms are discussed, including the roles of ABC transporters as MDR-pumps and the potential involvement of cancer stem cells. The three generations of MDR reversal agents (chemosensitizers) are reviewed, introducing the concept of single-pump and multi-pump agents. The current status of chemosensitization is summarized, pointing-out the need for additional agents and outlining experimental criteria for testing novel candidates. Major in vitro and in vivo findings are summarized showing that fluoxetine is a chemosensitizer of the multipump type, and proposing it be considered a fourth-generation chemosensitizer. In concluding, we contemplate future prospects of modulating MDR in the clinic. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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