Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 103, Issue 26, Pages 9891-9896Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603779103
Keywords
ultraviolet light; xeroderma pigmentosum; chromatin structure; Wortmannin; human fibroblasts
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 82103, P30 CA082103] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR 007175-27, P01 AR 050440-01, P01 AR050440, T32 AR007175] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES008061, 1R01 ES 8061] Funding Source: Medline
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The variant histone H2AX is phosphorylated in response to UV irradiation of primary human fibroblasts in a complex fashion that is radically different from that commonly reported after DNA double-strand breaks. H2AX phosphorylation after exposure to ionizing radiation produces foci, which are detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy and have been adopted as clear and consistent quantitative markers for DNA double-strand breaks. Here we show that in contrast to ionizing radiation, UV irradiation mainly induces H2AX phosphorylation as a diffuse, even, pan-nuclear staining. UV induced pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX is present in all phases of the cell cycle and is highest in S phase. H2AX phosphorylation in G, cells depends on nucleotide excision repair factors that may expose the S-139 site to kinase activity, is not due to DNA double-strand breaks, and plays a larger role in UV-induced signal transduction than previously realized.
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