Journal
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 72, Issue 1, Pages 19-31Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.020
Keywords
adenosine; A(3) receptors; glioblastoma; HIF-1 alpha; hypoxia; VEGF
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Hypoxia appears to induce a program which shifts the cellular phenotype toward an increase in extracellular adenosine. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of genes crucial to many aspects of cancer biology. Since in gliomas there is a strong correlation between HIF-1 alpha expression, tumor grade and tumor vascularization, the aim of this study was to investigate whether adenosine may regulate HIF-1 in human glioblastoma cell lines. The results indicate that in the human hypoxic A172 and U87MG glioblastoma. cell lines adenosine up-regulates HIF-1 alpha protein expression via the A(3) receptor subtype. In particular, we investigated the effect of A(3) receptor antagonists on HIF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We found that A(3) antagonists inhibit adenosine-induced HIF-1 alpha and VEGF protein accumulation in the hypoxic cells. Investigations in the molecular mechanism showed that A(3) receptor stimulation activates p44/p42 and p38 MAPKs that are required for A(3)-induced increase of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF. Further studies are required to demonstrate the in vivo relevance of these observations with regard to the proposed role for adenosine as a key element in hypoxia and in tumors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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