Gc-globulin: Roles in response to injury

Background: Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) appears to have important functions in addition to its role as a carrier of vitamin D. Approach: We reviewed recent studies focusing on the pathophysiologic functions and clinical significance of Gc-globulin. Results: Serum concentrations of Gc-globulin, as deter mined by immunoassay techniques, are. decreased in severe injury. The exitent of the decrease may have prognostic significance for patient outcomes. Clinical studies and animal models have shown that Gc-globulin has an important role in the clearance of procoagulant actin from the circulation after its release during cell necrosis and tissue injury. Gc-globulin,has other potential roles, in responses to acute tissue injury through conversion to a macrophage-activating factor, neutrophil chemotactic activity, and enhancement of C5a-mediated signaling. Conclusion: Considering the important physiologic roles of Gc-globulin in responses to tissue injury, such as clearance of actin, measurement of Gc-globulin may have value in directing the care of patients in many clinical disorders. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.