Journal
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
Volume 70, Issue 4, Pages 634-645Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/ana.22511
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Funding
- Red Espanola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain
- Ajuts per donar Suport als Grups de Recerca de Catalunya, Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain [SGR 2009-0793]
- Miguel Servet, FIS, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [CP07/00146]
- Bayer Schering Pharma
- Biogen Idec
- EMD Merck Serono
- Genentech
- Genzyme
- Novartis
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Teva Pharmaceuticals
- Almirall
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Objective: Interferon-beta (IFN beta) has demonstrated beneficial effects reducing disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but a relatively large proportion of patients do not respond to treatment. Here we aimed to investigate the roles of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the type I IFN pathways in the response to IFN beta in MS patients. Methods: The expression levels of several components of the TLR4 and the type I IFN pathways were determined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of 85 MS patients treated for at least 2 years with IFN beta and classified into responders, intermediate responders, and nonresponders based on their clinical response to treatment. Thirty-two healthy controls were also included in the study for comparison purposes. Results: Compared to responders and controls, PBMCs from nonresponders and intermediate responders were characterized by increased baseline expression levels of endogenous IFN beta and elevated IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) expression in monocytes. Furthermore, the capacity of IFN beta to induce its own expression was deficient in cells from nonresponders compared with responders. Baseline expression of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling primarily expressed in monocytes, was found to be significantly decreased in IFN beta responders compared with nonresponders. Interpretation: These findings provide evidence of the involvement of the TLR4 and type I IFN signaling pathways in the response to IFN beta. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:634-645
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