Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
Volume 574, Issue 1, Pages 33-39Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.109512
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [U24 DK059635, R01 DK040936, U24 DK-59635, P30 DK045735, P30 DK-45735, R01 DK-40936, P01 DK-068229, P01 DK068229] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [T32G-07499] Funding Source: Medline
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While it has been known for more than 75 years that physical activity is associated with increased mitochondrial content in muscle, the molecular mechanism for this adaptive process has only recently been elucidated. This brief review examines existing studies that have identified AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and several other key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha and -1 beta, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, and nitric oxide. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with ageing and type 2 diabetes mellitus is also discussed.
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