Journal
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 372-383Publisher
INFORMA HEALTHCARE
DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.912836
Keywords
Cancer; mTOR; PI3K; PI3K inhibitors; Ras; signaling
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Funding
- Compagnia di San Paolo
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro (AIRC)
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Despite development of novel agents targeting oncogenic pathways, matching targeted therapies to the genetic status of individual tumors is proving to be a daunting task for clinicians. To improve the clinical efficacy and to reduce the toxic side effects of treatments, a deep characterization of genetic alterations in different tumors is required. The mutational profile often evidences a gain of function or hyperactivity of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in tumors. These enzymes are activated downstream tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) and/or G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs) and, via AKT, are able to induce mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) stimulation. Here, we elucidate the impact of class I (p110 alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) catalytic subunit mutations on AKT-mediated cellular processes that control crucial mechanisms in tumor development. Moreover, the interrelation of PI3K signaling with mTOR, ERK, and RAS pathways will be discussed, exploiting the potential benefits of PI3K signaling inhibitors in clinical use.
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